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CDL 考试：气刹 题目与答案

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开始模拟测试 78 道题 · 为什么信任我们

气刹

78 道题

  1. #1

    气刹实际上是三个制动系统。它们是：

    英文原文: Air brakes are really three braking systems. They are:

    1. 行车制动、驻车制动和紧急制动 (Service, parking and emergency brakes)
    2. 前轮制动、后轮制动和挂车制动
    3. 发动机制动、排气制动和液压制动
    4. 盘式制动、鼓式制动和带式制动

    答案: A. 行车制动用于正常停车，另有驻车制动，以及在行车制动系统失效时使用的紧急制动。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5Air brakes are really three different braking systems.

  2. #2

    空气压缩机调节器通常在约多少压力时停止泵气（切断）？

    英文原文: The air compressor governor usually stops pumping (cut-out) at about:

    1. 60 psi
    2. 125 psi
    3. 200 psi
    4. 90 psi

    答案: B. 切断压力约为125 psi；启动泵气压力约为100 psi。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.1.2

  3. #3

    装有手动排放阀的储气罐应在何时排放：

    英文原文: Air tanks with manual drain valves should be drained:

    1. 每月一次
    2. 只在看到有水时
    3. 每天驾驶结束时 (At the end of each day of driving)
    4. 永远不需要

    答案: C. 水和油会积聚在储气罐中，可能结冰或损坏制动器。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.1.4You must drain the tanks yourself at the end of each day of driving.

  4. #4

    气压系统的安全泄压阀通常设定在多少压力时打开？

    英文原文: The air system safety relief valve is usually set to open at:

    1. 60 psi
    2. 100 psi
    3. 20 psi
    4. 150 psi

    答案: D. 如果安全阀放气，说明有故障——请技师修理。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.1.6

  5. #5

    低气压警报必须在储气罐压力降到以下数值之前启动：

    英文原文: The low air pressure warning must come on before pressure in the tanks falls below:

    1. 60 psi
    2. 100 psi
    3. 20 psi
    4. 125 psi

    答案: A. 警报启动后，应尽快安全停车。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.1.11must come on before the air pressure in the tanks falls below 60 psi

  6. #6

    如果气压持续下降，弹簧制动会在气压降到大约多少时完全启动？

    英文原文: If air pressure keeps dropping, the spring brakes will come on fully at about:

    1. 100到125 psi
    2. 20到45 psi (20 to 45 psi)
    3. 60到80 psi
    4. 仅在0 psi时

    答案: B. 弹簧制动在20-45 psi（通常为20-30 psi）时启动；应在此之前停车。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.1.14

  7. #7

    重型车辆上最常见的基础制动器类型是：

    英文原文: The most common type of foundation brake on heavy vehicles is the:

    1. 盘式制动器
    2. 带式制动器
    3. S凸轮鼓式制动器 (S-cam drum brake)
    4. 楔式制动器

    答案: C. S凸轮鼓式制动器是最常见的基础制动器。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.1.8The most common type is the s-cam drum brake.

  8. #8

    用手拉动间隙调整器（制动松开状态）时，其移动距离不应超过约：

    英文原文: When you pull a slack adjuster by hand (brakes released), it should not move more than about:

    1. 1/8英寸
    2. 3英寸
    3. 6英寸
    4. 1英寸 (1 inch)

    答案: D. 移动超过约一英寸，说明制动器可能需要调整。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.3.2

  9. #9

    发动机熄火、制动松开时，单体车辆的漏气量应少于：

    英文原文: With the engine off and brakes released, air loss in a single vehicle should be less than:

    1. 每分钟2 psi (2 psi per minute)
    2. 每分钟10 psi
    3. 每分钟5 psi
    4. 每小时1 psi

    答案: A. 单体车辆：每分钟少于2 psi；组合车辆：每分钟少于3 psi。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.3.3

  10. #10

    制动完全踩下时（发动机熄火，处于调节器切断压力），组合车辆的漏气量不应超过约：

    英文原文: With the brakes fully applied (engine off, at governor cut-out), a combination vehicle should not lose more than about:

    1. 每分钟1 psi
    2. 每分钟4 psi (4 psi per minute)
    3. 每分钟10 psi
    4. 每分钟20 psi

    答案: B. 踩下制动时的漏气量：单体车辆每分钟不超过3 psi，组合车辆每分钟不超过4 psi。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.3.3

  11. #11

    在双回路气压系统中，压力应在约多长时间内从85 psi升到100 psi？

    英文原文: In a dual air system, pressure should build from 85 to 100 psi within about:

    1. 10分钟
    2. 3分钟
    3. 45秒 (45 seconds)
    4. 5秒

    答案: C. 双回路系统：在45秒内从85 psi升到100 psi（在制造商规定的转速下）。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.3.3

  12. #12

    驾驶装有双回路气刹系统的车辆前，应让压力至少升到：

    英文原文: Before driving a vehicle with a dual air brake system, let pressure build to at least:

    1. 20 psi
    2. 45 psi
    3. 60 psi
    4. 两个系统均为100 psi (100 psi in both systems)

    答案: D. 主系统和副系统都至少达到100 psi后再出发。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.2

  13. #13

    在气刹系统中，刹车滞后（刹车开始起作用之前的延迟）为：

    英文原文: In an air brake system, brake lag (the delay before the brakes start to work) is:

    1. 至少半秒 (At least half a second)
    2. 约5秒
    3. 完全没有延迟
    4. 约10秒

    答案: A. 空气流动需要时间；以55英里/小时行驶时，刹车滞后会增加约32英尺，总停车距离超过450英尺。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.4.4

  14. #14

    在长下坡路段，如果安全速度为40英里/小时，正确的制动方法是：

    英文原文: On a long downgrade where your safe speed is 40 mph, the proper braking technique is to:

    1. 一路轻踩制动下坡
    2. 用力制动到约35英里/小时，松开，到40英里/小时时重复 (Brake firmly until you reach about 35 mph, release, and repeat when you reach 40)
    3. 只使用驻车制动
    4. 挂空挡滑行

    答案: B. 挂低挡利用发动机制动，然后每次点刹约3秒，将车速降到比安全速度低约5英里/小时。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.4.6

  15. #15

    在以下哪种情况下不应使用驻车制动：

    英文原文: You should NOT use the parking brakes when:

    1. 车辆空载时
    2. 白天
    3. 制动器很热，或在冰冻气温下制动器很湿 (The brakes are very hot or very wet in freezing temperatures)
    4. 在平地上

    答案: C. 过热的制动器可能损坏，湿的制动器可能冻住；应改用车轮挡块。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.4.8

  16. #16

    如果行驶中低气压警报启动，您应该：

    英文原文: If the low air pressure warning comes on while you are driving, you should:

    1. 继续开到下一个场站
    2. 反复踩制动以增加气压
    3. 加速去寻求帮助
    4. 尽快停车并安全停放 (Stop and safely park as soon as possible)

    答案: D. 只有储气罐中仍有足够空气时，才能控制制动。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.4.7

  17. #17

    在气刹车辆上不必要地反复踩下和松开制动踏板，可能会：

    英文原文: Pressing and releasing the brake pedal unnecessarily on an air-brake vehicle can:

    1. 使空气流失速度超过压缩机的补充速度 (Let air out faster than the compressor can replace it)
    2. 给储气罐充气
    3. 使制动器冷却
    4. 调整间隙调整器

    答案: A. 反复踩放制动会浪费空气。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.1.7

  18. #18

    如果制动施加压力表显示需要更大压力才能保持相同速度，这表明：

    英文原文: If the application pressure gauge shows you need more pressure to hold the same speed, this means:

    1. 轮胎气压不足
    2. 制动正在衰退 (The brakes are fading)
    3. 压缩机充气过度
    4. 一切正常

    答案: B. 需要更大的施加压力才能达到相同效果，是制动衰退的迹象。

    来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 5.1.10

  19. #19

    如果空气压缩机有自己的机油供应，你应该怎么做？

    英文原文: If an air compressor has its own oil supply, what should you do?

    1. 行驶前检查机油油位 (Check the oil level before driving)
    2. 每天结束时排放机油
    3. 寒冷天气时往机油里加酒精
    4. 调速器每次切断时更换机油

    答案: A. 压缩机若有独立机油供应，行驶前必须检查油位。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 77If the compressor has its own oil supply, check the oil level before driving.

  20. #20

    哪个部件控制空气压缩机何时向储气罐泵气？

    英文原文: Which part controls when the air compressor pumps air into the air tanks?

    1. 安全泄压阀
    2. 调速器（governor） (The governor)
    3. 刹车灯开关
    4. 脚踏阀

    答案: B. 调速器在切断和接入压力时停止和启动压缩机。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 77The governor controls when the air compressor will pump air into the air storage tanks.

  21. #21

    空气压缩机应在大约多少压力时重新开始泵气（接入压力）？

    英文原文: The air compressor should start pumping again (cut-in) at about:

    1. 60 psi
    2. 85 psi
    3. 100 psi
    4. 125 psi

    答案: C. 压缩机应在约100 psi时开始泵气，约125 psi时停止。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 82should start at about 100 psi and stop at about 125 psi.

  22. #22

    如果压缩机停止工作，储气罐能提供多少制动次数？

    英文原文: How much braking do the air storage tanks allow if the compressor stops working?

    1. 只够踩一次刹车的空气
    2. 足够无限制行驶约一小时的空气
    3. 一次也不行，因为弹簧制动会立即起作用
    4. 足够使用刹车好几次的空气 (Enough air to use the brakes several times)

    答案: D. 即使压缩机停止工作，储气罐里的空气也足够使用刹车好几次。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 77The tanks will hold enough air to allow the brakes to be used several times, even if the compressor stops working.

  23. #23

    压缩空气中的水对气刹有什么问题？

    英文原文: Why is water in the compressed air a problem for airbrakes?

    1. 寒冷天气可能结冰并导致刹车失灵 (It can freeze in cold weather and cause brake failure)
    2. 使刹车蹄片均匀磨损
    3. 提高调速器切断压力
    4. 降低安全阀设定值

    答案: A. 水会积在储气罐里，可能结冰导致刹车失灵。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 77For example, the water can freeze in cold weather and cause brake failure.

  24. #24

    手动储气罐排水阀如何操作？

    英文原文: How are manual air tank drain valves operated?

    1. 连续踩两次刹车踏板
    2. 转四分之一圈或拉动拉索 (By turning a quarter turn or pulling a cable)
    3. 拉出黄色驻车制动旋钮
    4. 打开电加热装置

    答案: B. 手动排水阀通过转四分之一圈或拉动拉索来打开。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 77Manually operated by turning a quarter turn or by pulling a cable.

  25. #25

    自动储气罐排水阀上的电加热装置有助于防止什么？

    英文原文: What do electric heating devices on automatic air tank drains help prevent?

    1. 长下坡时制动鼓过热
    2. 调速器失灵时第一个储气罐超压
    3. 寒冷天气时自动排水阀结冰 (Freezing of the automatic drain in cold weather)
    4. 熄火后制动响应变慢

    答案: C. 电加热装置可防止自动排水阀在寒冷天气结冰。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 77Automatic air tanks are available with electric heating devices. These help prevent freezing of the automatic drain in cold weather.

  26. #26

    气刹系统中的酒精蒸发器有什么作用？

    英文原文: What is the purpose of an alcohol evaporator in an airbrake system?

    1. 冷却制动鼓，减轻炎热天气长下坡时的热衰退
    2. 润滑压缩机活塞，防止发动机冷态时卡滞
    3. 提高储气罐压力，使寒冷天气下制动更快
    4. 降低寒冷天气气阀和其他部件结冰的风险 (To reduce the risk of ice in the valves and other parts in cold weather)

    答案: D. 酒精蒸发器有助于防止气刹阀门和部件结冰。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 77This helps to reduce the risk of ice in airbrake valves and other parts during cold weather.

  27. #27

    如果气刹系统有酒精蒸发器，寒冷天气里应多久检查一次酒精容器？

    英文原文: If your airbrake system has an alcohol evaporator, how often should you check the alcohol container in cold weather?

    1. 每天 (Every day)
    2. 每周一次
    3. 每月一次
    4. 仅在低气压警告亮起时

    答案: A. 寒冷天气里应每天检查酒精容器并根据需要加满。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 77Check the alcohol container and fill up as necessary, every day during cold weather.

  28. #28

    安全泄压阀安装在气路系统的哪个位置？

    英文原文: Where is the safety relief valve installed in an air system?

    1. 在与制动踏板相连的脚踏阀上
    2. 空气压缩机最先泵气的那个储气罐上 (In the first tank the air compressor pumps air to)
    3. 在每个制动气室中，靠近调整臂处
    4. 在挂车气管上靠近接头处

    答案: B. 安全泄压阀装在压缩机首先充气的气罐上，保护系统免受过高压力。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78A safety relief valve is installed in the first tank the air compressor pumps air to.

  29. #29

    安全阀放气意味着什么？

    英文原文: What does it mean if the safety valve releases air?

    1. 这在踩刹车时是正常的
    2. 调速器工作正常
    3. 有故障，应请机修工修理 (Something is wrong and a mechanic should fix it)
    4. 弹簧制动即将释放

    答案: C. 安全阀放气说明系统有故障，应由机修工修理。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78If the safety valve releases air, something is wrong. Have the fault fixed by a mechanic.

  30. #30

    每次松开行车制动时，气罐压力会怎样？

    英文原文: What happens to the tank air pressure each time you release the service brakes?

    1. 空气从制动气室流回气罐，压力上升
    2. 压力不变，因为空气在密封系统中重复使用
    3. 调速器关闭压缩机，直到下次启动发动机
    4. 一部分压缩空气排出系统，压缩机必须补充 (Some compressed air leaves the system and the compressor must make it up)

    答案: D. 松开刹车会让部分空气排出系统，必须由压缩机补充。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78Releasing the brakes lets some compressed air go out of the system, so the air pressure in the tanks is reduced. It must be made up by the air compressor.

  31. #31

    为什么S凸轮制动器被称为s-cam？

    英文原文: Why is the s-cam brake called an s-cam?

    1. 凸轮形状像字母“S” (The cam is shaped like the letter S)
    2. 由名字以S开头的公司制造
    3. 仅用于单轴
    4. 用弹簧施加制动

    答案: A. s-cam得名于凸轮形状像字母S。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78This turns the s-cam (so called because it is shaped like the letter “S”).

  32. #32

    气动盘式制动器用什么代替S凸轮？

    英文原文: In air-operated disc brakes, what is used instead of an s-cam?

    1. 楔块
    2. 动力螺杆（power screw） (A power screw)
    3. 制动鼓
    4. 带弹簧的蹄片

    答案: B. 气动盘式制动器用动力螺杆代替S凸轮来夹紧制动盘。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78But instead of the s-cam, a “power screw” is used.

  33. #33

    在楔式制动器中，制动气室推杆推动什么？

    英文原文: In a wedge brake, what does the brake chamber push rod push?

    1. 夹在两个制动蹄末端之间的S形凸轮
    2. 直接压向制动盘表面的制动钳
    3. 直接推入两个制动蹄末端之间的楔块 (A wedge directly between the ends of two brake shoes)
    4. 直接压向制动鼓内壁的弹簧

    答案: C. 楔式制动器中，推杆把楔块推入制动蹄两端之间，使其压向制动鼓。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78In this type of brake, the brake chamber push rod pushes a wedge directly between the ends of two brake shoes.

  34. #34

    双回路气刹系统的车辆有哪些供气压力表？

    英文原文: What supply pressure gauges does a vehicle with a dual airbrake system have?

    1. 一个单指针压力表，显示两半系统的合计压力
    2. 一个挂车供气管压力表和一个制动气室压力表
    3. 没有压力表，只有低气压警告灯和蜂鸣器
    4. 系统每一半各有一个压力表，或一个双指针压力表 (A gauge for each half of the system, or one gauge with two needles)

    答案: D. 双回路系统的每一半都有压力表，或是一个带两根指针的压力表。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78If the vehicle has a dual airbrake system, there will be a gauge for each half of the system.

  35. #35

    除了刹车热衰退外，还有什么会导致需要加大制动施加压力？

    英文原文: Besides brake fade, what else can cause the need for increased application pressure?

    1. 刹车间隙未调整、漏气或机械故障 (Brakes out of adjustment, air leaks, or mechanical problems)
    2. 制动器调整正确、调速器正常、气管无泄漏
    3. 轮胎气压过高或挂车载重过轻
    4. 寒冷天气和充满气的气路系统，没有任何故障

    答案: A. 需要更大压力可能由热衰退、刹车未调整、漏气或机械故障引起。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78The need for increased pressure can also be caused by brakes out of adjustment, air leaks, or mechanical problems.

  36. #36

    “wig wag”低气压警告装置有什么作用？

    英文原文: What does a "wig wag" low air pressure warning do?

    1. 压力升到60 psi以上时在驾驶室发出响亮蜂鸣
    2. 当压力降到60 psi以下时，把机械臂落入你的视野 (Drops a mechanical arm into your view when pressure falls below 60 psi)
    3. 踩刹车时点亮仪表板上的红色警告灯
    4. 关闭压缩机并自动施加挂车制动

    答案: B. 压力低于60 psi时，wig wag会把机械臂落到驾驶员视野中。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 78This device drops a mechanical arm into your view when the pressure in the system drops below 60 psi.

  37. #37

    压力下降后，手动复位型wig wag有什么特点？

    英文原文: What is true of a manual reset wig wag after pressure has dropped?

    1. 压力高于60 psi时自动升出视野
    2. 熄火时自动复位
    3. 必须手动把它放回“视野外”位置 (It must be placed in the "out of view" position manually)
    4. 一直留在视野中直到踩下刹车踏板

    答案: C. 手动复位型必须用手放回视野外位置，压力高于60 psi之前它不会停留。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79The manual reset type must be placed in the “out of view” position manually.

  38. #38

    在大型客车上，低气压警告装置通常在多少压力时发出信号？

    英文原文: On large buses, the low pressure warning devices commonly signal at:

    1. 20-30 psi
    2. 45-50 psi
    3. 100-125 psi
    4. 80-85 psi

    答案: D. 大型客车的低气压警告通常在80-85 psi时发出信号。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79On large buses it is common for the low pressure warning devices to signal at 80-85 psi.

  39. #39

    气刹系统如何提醒后车你在刹车？

    英文原文: How does the airbrake system warn drivers behind you when you brake?

    1. 一个由气压操作的电气开关点亮刹车灯 (An electric switch that works by air pressure turns on the brake lights)
    2. 挂车尾部伸出机械臂向后方驾驶员示意
    3. 低气压蜂鸣器在车外鸣响，让后车听到
    4. 驻车制动旋钮弹出并点亮后位灯

    答案: A. 由气压触发的电气开关在你踩刹车时点亮刹车灯。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79The airbrake system does this with an electric switch that works by air pressure.

  40. #40

    在带前制动限压阀的旧车上，“slippery”（湿滑）位置有什么作用？

    英文原文: On an older vehicle with a front brake limiting valve, what does the "slippery" position do?

    1. 把前制动气压加倍
    2. 把前制动的正常气压减少一半 (Cuts the normal air pressure to the front brakes by half)
    3. 完全释放前制动
    4. 仅以60 psi施加后制动

    答案: B. 在湿滑位置，限压阀把前制动的正常气压减半。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79When you put the control in the “slippery” position, the limiting valve cuts the “normal” air pressure to the front brakes by half.

  41. #41

    自动前轮限压阀会减少前制动的气量，除非：

    英文原文: Automatic front wheel limiting valves reduce air to the front brakes except when:

    1. 制动踩得非常轻（施加压力低于20 psi）
    2. 已拉驻车制动且弹簧制动正在固定车辆
    3. 制动踩得非常重（施加压力达60 psi或更高） (The brakes are put on very hard (60 psi or more application pressure))
    4. 车辆在湿滑或结冰路面上停住且发动机运转

    答案: C. 自动阀门驾驶员无法控制，仅在非常重的制动（60 psi或以上）时才放行全部气压。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79They reduce the air to the front brakes except when the brakes are put on very hard (60 psi or more application pressure).

  42. #42

    为什么紧急制动和驻车制动必须靠机械力保持？

    英文原文: Why must emergency and parking brakes be held on by mechanical force?

    1. 因为液压油可能结冰
    2. 因为压缩机跟不上调速器
    3. 因为刹车片磨损太快
    4. 因为气压最终可能会泄漏 (Because air pressure can eventually leak away)

    答案: D. 弹簧制动靠机械力保持，因为气压最终可能漏掉。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79They must be held on by mechanical force (because air pressure can eventually leak away).

  43. #43

    弹簧制动的制动力取决于什么？

    英文原文: What does the braking power of spring brakes depend on?

    1. 制动器是否调整到位 (The brakes being in adjustment)
    2. 空气压缩机的大小
    3. 驻车制动旋钮的颜色
    4. 气罐的温度

    答案: A. 如果刹车调整不当，行车制动和紧急/驻车制动都无法正常工作。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79The braking power of spring brakes depends on the brakes being in adjustment.

  44. #44

    在较新的气刹车辆上，驻车制动控制装置是：

    英文原文: In newer vehicles with airbrakes, the parking brake control is a:

    1. 圆形、蓝色、旋转锁定式旋钮
    2. 菱形、黄色、推拉式旋钮 (Diamond-shaped, yellow, push-pull knob)
    3. 方形、红色、弹簧回位式按钮
    4. 八角形、绿色、杆式手柄

    答案: B. 较新的车辆用菱形、黄色的推拉式旋钮来控制驻车制动。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79In newer vehicles with airbrakes, you put on the parking brakes using a diamond-shaped, yellow, push-pull control knob.

  45. #45

    为什么在弹簧制动施加时绝不能踩下刹车踏板？

    英文原文: Why should you never push the brake pedal down when the spring brakes are on?

    1. 压缩机会停止泵气，气罐会失去全部空气
    2. 储气罐自动排水阀会打开，让储存的空气泄出
    3. 弹簧与气压的合力可能损坏刹车 (The brakes could be damaged by the combined force of springs and air pressure)
    4. 低气压警告会关闭，压力表指针会卡住

    答案: C. 弹簧和气压的合力会损坏制动器。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79Never push the brake pedal down when the spring brakes are on. If you do, the brakes could be damaged by the combined forces of the springs and the air pressure.

  46. #46

    仪表板上能逐步施加弹簧制动的控制手柄叫什么？

    英文原文: What is a control handle that applies the spring brakes gradually called?

    1. 限压阀
    2. 牵引车保护阀
    3. 安全泄压阀
    4. 调节阀（modulating valve） (A modulating valve)

    答案: D. 调节阀可以让你逐步施加弹簧制动。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79In some vehicles a control handle on the dash board may be used to apply the spring brakes gradually. This is called a modulating valve.

  47. #47

    使用调节阀停车时，应该：

    英文原文: When parking a vehicle with a modulating control valve, you should:

    1. 把手柄推到底并用锁止装置固定 (Move the lever as far as it will go and hold it with the locking device)
    2. 把手柄推到一半后松开
    3. 让手柄保持松开位置并用楔木挡住车轮
    4. 推入手柄直到蜂鸣器停止

    答案: A. 手柄必须推到底并用锁止装置固定。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79When parking a vehicle with a modulating control valve, move the lever as far as it will go and hold it in place with the locking device.

  48. #48

    使用双驻车控制阀时，独立的储气罐有什么用？

    英文原文: With dual parking control valves, what is the separate air tank used for?

    1. 牵引车压缩机故障时给挂车气管充气
    2. 释放弹簧制动，以便在紧急情况下移动车辆 (To release the spring brakes so you can move the vehicle in an emergency)
    3. 主储气罐空了时为低气压警告供气
    4. 为炎热天气长下坡时冷却制动鼓提供气源

    答案: B. 独立气罐可释放弹簧制动，以便在紧急情况下移动车辆。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79Some vehicles, such as buses, have a separate air tank which can be used to release the spring brakes. This is so you can move the vehicle in an emergency.

  49. #49

    独立气罐能释放弹簧制动多少次？

    英文原文: How many times can the separate tank release the spring brakes?

    1. 无限次，因为压缩机会补气
    2. 正好一次
    3. 只有几次，所以移动时要仔细规划 (Only a few times, so plan carefully when moving)
    4. 踩多少次刹车踏板就多少次

    答案: C. 独立气罐的空气只够释放几次，否则可能停在危险的地方。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79There is only enough air in the separate tank to do this a few times. Therefore, plan carefully when moving.

  50. #50

    哪个日期及之后生产的气刹牵引车必须配备ABS？

    英文原文: Truck tractors with airbrakes built on or after what date are required to have ABS?

    1. 1991年3月1日
    2. 1975年3月1日
    3. 2005年3月1日
    4. 1997年3月1日 (March 1, 1997)

    答案: D. 1997年3月1日及之后生产的牵引车，以及1998年3月1日及之后生产的其他气刹车辆，必须配备ABS。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79Truck tractors with airbrakes built on or after March 1, 1997, and other airbrakes vehicles, (trucks, buses, trailers, and converter dollies) built on or after March 1, 1998, are required to be equipped with antilock brakes.

  51. #51

    如何判断你的车辆是否应配备ABS？

    英文原文: How can you tell whether your vehicle is required to have ABS?

    1. 查看合格标签上的制造日期 (Check the certification label for the date of manufacture)
    2. 查看挂车后保险杠上的红色ABS灯
    3. 数一数储气罐并与车轴数量对比
    4. 测试安全阀并记下其开启压力

    答案: A. 合格标签上的制造日期可以说明车辆是否配有ABS。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 79Check the certification label for the date of manufacture to determine if your vehicle is equipped with ABS.

  52. #52

    挂车上的黄色ABS故障灯在哪里？

    英文原文: Where is the yellow ABS malfunction lamp on a trailer?

    1. 右侧靠近支腿处
    2. 左侧，前角或后角 (On the left side, either on the front or rear corner)
    3. 仅在牵引车仪表板上
    4. 挂车底部靠近气罐处

    答案: B. 挂车的黄色ABS故障灯位于左侧前角或后角。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80Trailers will have yellow ABS malfunction lamps on the left side, either on the front or rear corner.

  53. #53

    较新的车辆启动时，ABS故障灯应该怎样？

    英文原文: On newer vehicles, what should the ABS malfunction lamp do at start-up?

    1. 一直亮到时速达到五英里
    2. 完全不亮
    3. 亮起进行灯泡检查，然后很快熄灭 (Come on for a bulb check, then go out quickly)
    4. 闪烁直到踩下刹车

    答案: C. 指示灯应短暂亮起做灯泡检查，然后很快熄灭。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80On newer vehicles, the malfunction lamp comes on at start-up for a bulb check, and then goes out quickly.

  54. #54

    如果ABS灯在灯泡检查后仍亮着，或行驶中亮起，你可能：

    英文原文: If the ABS lamp stays on after the bulb check or comes on while driving, you may have:

    1. 气罐压力过高
    2. 自动排水阀结冰
    3. 在55 mph时出现制动滞后
    4. 一个或多个车轮失去了ABS控制 (Lost ABS control at one or more wheels)

    答案: D. 指示灯亮着表示一个或多个车轮可能已失去ABS控制。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80If the lamp stays on after the bulb check, or goes on once you are under way, you may have lost ABS control at one or more wheels.

  55. #55

    在较老的被拖挂车辆上，什么表明可能装有ABS？

    英文原文: On an older towed unit, what shows that it may be equipped with ABS?

    1. 电子控制单元（ECU）以及从制动器后部引出的轮速传感器线 (An electronic control unit (ECU) and wheel speed sensor wires from the back of the brakes)
    2. 菱形黄色旋钮，以及支腿旁边的一个独立储气罐
    3. 左侧的wig wag警示臂以及每个车轮上的手动调整臂
    4. 酒精蒸发器以及自动排水阀上的电加热装置

    答案: A. 在车底查找ECU和从制动器后部引出的轮速传感器线。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80Look under the vehicle for the electronic control unit (ECU) and wheel speed sensor wires coming from the back of the brakes.

  56. #56

    ABS对正常制动能力有什么影响？

    英文原文: How does ABS affect your normal braking capability?

    1. 使其加倍
    2. 既不降低也不增加 (It neither decreases nor increases it)
    3. 在干燥路面上降低
    4. 取代常规刹车

    答案: B. ABS是对常规刹车的补充，不会改变正常制动能力。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80ABS is an addition to your normal brakes. It does not decrease or increase your normal braking capability.

  57. #57

    ABS的主要好处是什么？

    英文原文: What is the main benefit of ABS?

    1. 在任何路面上都总能缩短制动距离
    2. 消除制动滞后，任何速度下制动都能立即起效
    3. 帮助你在紧急制动时保持对车辆的控制 (It helps you keep the vehicle under control during hard braking)
    4. 通过冷却制动鼓防止长下坡时的制动热衰退

    答案: C. ABS不一定缩短制动距离，但有助于在紧急制动时保持车辆受控。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80ABS does not necessarily shorten your stopping distance, but it does help you keep the vehicle under control during hard braking.

  58. #58

    双回路气刹系统是：

    英文原文: A dual airbrake system has:

    1. 一套气路系统，两台压缩机共用一组储气罐
    2. 两套刹车踏板，一套用于牵引车，一套用于挂车
    3. 一套液压备用系统，在气压丢失时接管
    4. 两套独立的气刹系统，共用一套刹车控制装置 (Two separate airbrake systems that use a single set of brake controls)

    答案: D. 双回路系统有两套独立系统，各有自己的气罐和管路，共用一套控制装置。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80A dual airbrake system has two separate airbrake systems, which use a single set of brake controls.

  59. #59

    在双回路气刹系统中，副（次级）系统通常控制哪里的行车制动？

    英文原文: In a dual airbrake system, the secondary system typically operates the regular brakes on:

    1. 前轴（可能还包括一个后轴） (The front axle (and possibly one rear axle))
    2. 后轴（可能还包括挂车）
    3. 挂车车轴（可能还包括一个牵引车车轴）
    4. 串联车轴（可能还包括一个台车车轴）

    答案: A. 主系统通常控制后轴，另一套控制前轴（可能还有一个后轴）。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80One system typically operates the regular brakes on the rear axle or axles. The other system operates the regular brakes on the front axle (and possibly one rear axle).

  60. #60

    在双回路气路系统中，当两个系统的压力升到某个值时，低气压警告灯和蜂鸣器应关闭，该值必须大于：

    英文原文: In a dual air system, the low air warning light and buzzer should shut off when pressure in both systems rises to a value that must be greater than:

    1. 20 psi
    2. 60 psi
    3. 45 psi
    4. 125 psi

    答案: B. 关闭值由制造商设定，必须大于60 psi。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80The warning light and buzzer should shut off when air pressure in both systems rises to a value set by the manufacturer. This value must be greater than 60 psi.

  61. #61

    如果双回路系统中的一套气压非常低，会发生什么？

    英文原文: What happens if one air system of a dual system is very low on pressure?

    1. 车辆会停得更快，因为另一套系统承担了全部制动
    2. 挂车制动抱死，牵引车制动自动松开
    3. 前制动或后制动不能完全起作用，停车需要更长时间 (The front or rear brakes will not operate fully and it will take longer to stop)
    4. 压缩机永久关闭，无法重新建立气压

    答案: C. 前制动或后制动无法完全工作，因此停车时间会更长。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 80If one air system is very low on pressure, either the front or the rear brakes will not be operating fully. This means it will take you longer to stop.

  62. #62

    检查S凸轮制动器的调整臂之前，你应该：

    英文原文: Before checking slack adjusters on S-cam brakes, you should:

    1. 停在斜坡上并拉上驻车制动
    2. 踩着刹车让发动机快怠速运转
    3. 完全排空储气罐
    4. 停在平地上，用楔木挡住车轮，并松开驻车制动 (Park on level ground, chock the wheels, and turn off the parking brakes)

    答案: D. 挡住车轮并松开驻车制动，这样才能活动调整臂。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 81Park on level ground and chock the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving. Turn off the parking brakes so you can move the slack adjusters.

  63. #63

    路边检查中最常发现的问题是什么？

    英文原文: What is the most common problem found in roadside inspections?

    1. 刹车未调整到位 (Out-of-adjustment brakes)
    2. 挡风玻璃破裂
    3. 轮胎磨损
    4. 缺少挡泥板

    答案: A. 刹车调整不当是路边检查中最常见的问题。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 81Out-of-adjustment brakes are the most common problem found in roadside inspections.

  64. #64

    从哪一年起生产的车辆都装有自动调整臂？

    英文原文: Vehicles built since what year have automatic slack adjusters?

    1. 1975年
    2. 1991年 (1991)
    3. 1997年
    4. 1998年

    答案: B. 1991年以来生产的所有车辆都有自动调整臂，但仍必须检查。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 81All vehicles built since 1991 have automatic slack adjustors.

  65. #65

    如果发现装有自动调整臂的刹车未调整到位，建议怎么做？

    英文原文: When brakes with automatic adjusters are found out of adjustment, what is recommended?

    1. 每次出车前自己动手调整
    2. 不必理会，因为自动调整臂会自行逐渐调整好
    3. 尽快把车开到维修场所处理 (Take the vehicle to a repair facility as soon as possible)
    4. 在下次定期检查前只在干燥路面行驶

    答案: C. 手动调整只会掩盖机械问题，应尽快到维修场所解决问题。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 81It is recommended that when brakes equipped with automatic adjusters are found to be out of adjustment, the driver take the vehicle to a repair facility as soon as possible to have the problem corrected.

  66. #66

    制动鼓（或制动盘）上的裂纹不得长于：

    英文原文: Brake drums (or discs) must not have cracks longer than:

    1. 一英寸
    2. 摩擦面的整个宽度
    3. 制动鼓直径的四分之一
    4. 摩擦面宽度的一半 (One half the width of the friction area)

    答案: D. 裂纹不得超过摩擦面宽度的一半。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 82Brake drums (or discs) must not have cracks longer than one half the width of the friction area.

  67. #67

    测试低气压警告信号时，熄火后应该：

    英文原文: To test the low pressure warning signal, after shutting the engine off you should:

    1. 打开电源，反复踩下和松开刹车踏板以降低气罐压力 (Turn the electrical power on and step on and off the brake pedal to reduce tank pressure)
    2. 保持电源关闭，拉出驻车制动旋钮来降低气罐压力
    3. 让发动机高怠速运转，等压力到120 psi时蜂鸣器响起
    4. 完全打开储气罐排水阀，检查气罐排空时蜂鸣器是否响起

    答案: A. 通过反复踩放刹车降低压力；警告信号必须在压力降到60 psi以下之前亮起。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 82Turn the electrical power on and step on and off the brake pedal to reduce air tank pressure.

  68. #68

    检查弹簧制动能否自动起作用，应该：

    英文原文: To check that the spring brakes come on automatically, you should:

    1. 在满压力下拉出驻车制动旋钮
    2. 继续反复踩放刹车踏板来降低气压 (Continue to fan off the air pressure by stepping on and off the brake pedal)
    3. 打开储气罐排水阀
    4. 在弹簧制动施加时踩下刹车踏板

    答案: B. 当气压降到制造商规定值（20至45 psi）时，驻车制动阀应弹出。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 82Continue to fan off the air pressure by stepping on and off the brake pedal to reduce tank pressure.

  69. #69

    在单回路气路系统（1975年以前）中，典型的压力建立要求是：

    英文原文: In single air systems (pre-1975), typical pressure buildup requirements are:

    1. 发动机1500 rpm时，45秒内从85升到100 psi
    2. 发动机600-900 rpm怠速，1分钟内从20升到45 psi
    3. 发动机600-900 rpm怠速，3分钟内从50升到90 psi (50 to 90 psi within 3 minutes at 600-900 rpm idle)
    4. 发动机1200-1500 rpm时，5分钟内从100升到125 psi

    答案: C. 单回路系统通常在发动机怠速600-900 rpm时，3分钟内从50 psi升到90 psi。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 82In single air systems (pre-1975), typical requirements are pressure buildup from 50 to 90 psi within 3 minutes with the engine at an idle speed of 600-900 rpms.

  70. #70

    系统充满气、熄火且松开刹车时，组合车辆的漏气速度应小于：

    英文原文: With a fully charged system, engine off and brakes released, the air loss for a combination vehicle should be less than:

    1. 每分钟两psi
    2. 每分钟四psi
    3. 每分钟十psi
    4. 每分钟三psi (Three psi in one minute)

    答案: D. 单体车辆限值为每分钟两psi，组合车辆为每分钟三psi。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 82The loss rate should be less than two psi in one minute for single vehicles and less than three psi in one minute for combination vehicles.

  71. #71

    用刹车踏板施加90 psi或更高气压后，在初始压降之后，单体车辆每分钟压力下降超过多少就算漏气过多？

    英文原文: With 90 psi or more applied by the brake pedal, after the initial drop, the air loss rate for a single vehicle is too much if it falls more than:

    1. 三psi (Three psi in one minute)
    2. 两psi
    3. 四psi
    4. 五psi

    答案: A. 对单体车辆，每分钟下降超过三psi就过多（组合车辆为四psi）。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 82After the initial pressure drop, if the air pressure falls more than three psi in one minute for single vehicles (more than four psi for combination vehicles), the air loss rate is too much.

  72. #72

    如何测试驻车制动？

    英文原文: How do you test the parking brake?

    1. 拉上驻车制动并以五英里时速行驶
    2. 拉上驻车制动，在低挡位轻轻向前拉车 (Put it on and gently pull against it in a low gear)
    3. 松开驻车制动并踩刹车踏板
    4. 拉上驻车制动并排空气罐

    答案: B. 停车，拉上驻车制动，在低挡轻轻向前拉，检查它是否能固定住车辆。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 83Stop the vehicle, put the parking brake on, and gently pull against it in a low gear to test that the parking brake will hold.

  73. #73

    测试行车制动时，应以大约多快的速度缓慢前进并用力踩刹车？

    英文原文: To test the service brakes, move the vehicle forward slowly at about what speed and apply the brakes firmly?

    1. 十五英里每小时
    2. 二十五英里每小时
    3. 五英里每小时 (Five mph)
    4. 三十五英里每小时

    答案: C. 以约五英里时速测试，注意是否跑偏、手感异常或制动延迟。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 83Wait for normal air pressure, release the parking brake, move the vehicle forward slowly (about five mph), and apply the brakes firmly using the brake pedal.

  74. #74

    在没有ABS的车辆上于湿滑路面紧急制动时，转向轮抱死会怎样？

    英文原文: In a vehicle without ABS braking hard on slippery surfaces, what happens when your steering wheels lock up?

    1. 车辆折叠（jackknife）
    2. 车辆打转
    3. 刹车自动松开
    4. 失去转向控制 (You lose steering control)

    答案: D. 转向轮抱死会失去转向控制；其他车轮抱死则可能侧滑、折叠或打转。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 83When your steering wheels lock up, you lose steering control.

  75. #75

    在紧急制动时，什么情况下可以把刹车踩到底？

    英文原文: When may you fully apply the brakes in an emergency stop without special braking technique?

    1. 如果你一直驾驶所有车轴都有正常ABS的直线货车或组合车辆 (If you always drive a straight truck or combination with working ABS on all axles)
    2. 如果你驾驶的组合车辆只有牵引车装有正常的ABS
    3. 如果你驾驶的组合车辆只有挂车装有正常的ABS
    4. 如果路面干燥且车辆装载低于法定重量

    答案: A. 这是“只用保持控制所需的制动力”原则的唯一例外。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 83There is only one exception to this procedure, if you always drive a straight truck or combination with working ABS on all axles, in an emergency stop, you can fully apply the brakes.

  76. #76

    在点刹（stab braking）中，松开刹车后车轮开始转动最多可能需要多久？

    英文原文: In stab braking, how long can it take for the wheels to start rolling after you release the brakes?

    1. 最多五秒
    2. 最多一秒 (Up to one second)
    3. 最多十秒
    4. 不到十分之一秒

    答案: B. 如果在车轮开始转动之前再次踩刹车，车辆将无法摆正。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 84(It can take up to one second for the wheels to start rolling after you release the brakes.

  77. #77

    在干燥路面上以55 mph行驶时，气刹的制动滞后距离大约增加：

    英文原文: At 55 mph on dry pavement, airbrake lag distance adds about:

    1. 10英尺
    2. 75英尺
    3. 32英尺 (32 feet)
    4. 132英尺

    答案: C. 气刹在55 mph时的滞后距离会使总停车距离增加约32英尺。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 84The airbrake lag distance at 55 mph on dry pavement adds about 32 feet.

  78. #78

    在55 mph时，对于牵引力和刹车状况良好的普通驾驶员，气刹车辆的总停车距离是：

    英文原文: At 55 mph for an average driver with good traction and brake conditions, the total stopping distance with airbrakes is:

    1. 约200英尺
    2. 约300英尺
    3. 超过750英尺
    4. 超过450英尺 (Over 450 feet)

    答案: D. 在55 mph时，感知、反应、制动滞后和制动距离加起来超过450英尺。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 5, p. 84So at 55 mph for an average driver under good traction and brake conditions, the total stopping distance is over 450 feet.
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