CDL 考试:车速 题目与答案
我们使用的所有题目,附正确答案、解释和出处。
车速
20 道题-
#1
警觉的驾驶员平均感知危险需要多长时间?
英文原文: What is the average perception time for an alert driver?
- 1又3/4秒 (1 3/4 seconds)
- 1/4秒
- 3/4秒
- 3秒
答案: A. 警觉的驾驶员平均需要1又3/4秒来察觉危险。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 41The average perception time for an alert driver is 1 3/4 seconds.
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#2
如果车速从20 mph提高两倍到60 mph(即变为三倍),冲击力和制动距离会变为:
英文原文: If you triple your speed from 20 to 60 mph, the impact and braking distance become:
- 三倍
- 九倍 (nine times greater)
- 六倍
- 十二倍
答案: B. 车速变为三倍,冲击力和制动距离会增加到九倍。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 41Triple the speed from 20 to 60 mph and the impact and braking distance is nine times greater.
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#3
在湿滑路面上,应将车速降低大约:
英文原文: On a wet road, you should reduce your speed by about:
- 十分之一
- 一半
- 三分之一 (one-third)
- 三分之二
答案: C. 湿路上要把车速降低约三分之一,例如从55 mph降到约35 mph。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 41Reduce speed by about one-third (e.g., slow from 55 to about 35 mph) on a wet road.
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#4
在压实的积雪路面上,应将车速降低:
英文原文: On packed snow, you should reduce your speed by:
- 三分之一或更少
- 十分之一或更少
- 四分之一或更少
- 一半或更多 (a half, or more)
答案: D. 在压实积雪路面上,要把车速降低一半或更多。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 41On packed snow, reduce speed by a half, or more.
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#5
气温下降时,道路的哪个部分最先结冰?
英文原文: When the temperature drops, which part of the road freezes first?
- 桥梁 (Bridges)
- 仅有阴影的路段
- 山坡
- 隧道
答案: A. 桥面比路面先结冰,所以在接近32°F时要特别小心。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 41When the temperature drops, bridges will freeze before the road will.
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#6
路面看起来是湿的,但气温在冰点以下,应当小心什么?
英文原文: The road looks wet, but the temperature is below freezing. What should you watch out for?
- 只有水滑现象
- 黑冰 (Black ice)
- 干燥路面
- 雾
答案: B. 气温低于冰点而路面看起来湿时,要提防黑冰。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 41Any time the temperature is below freezing and the road looks wet, watch out for black ice.
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#7
为什么在弯道中制动很危险?
英文原文: Why is braking in a curve dangerous?
- 它会使发动机过热并使变速器熄火
- 它会取消转向灯并关闭刹车灯
- 更容易抱死车轮并导致侧滑 (It is easier to lock the wheels and cause a skid)
- 它会降低轮胎气压并使车轮磨损不均
答案: C. 应在入弯前减速,因为弯中制动容易抱死车轮造成侧滑。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 42Braking in a curve is dangerous because it is easier to lock the wheels and cause a skid.
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#8
下坡时,发动机制动效果最大,是在发动机接近调速转速并且变速箱处于:
英文原文: On a downgrade, the braking effect of the engine is greatest when the engine is near the governed rpm and the transmission is in:
- 最高档
- 空档
- 任何档位,只要踩着离合器
- 低档位 (the lower gears)
答案: D. 发动机接近限速转速且使用低档位时,发动机制动最强。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 42The braking effect of the engine is greatest when it is near the governed rpms and the transmission is in the lower gears.
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#9
道路施工区内造成伤亡的头号原因是什么?
英文原文: What is the number one cause of injury and death in roadway work zones?
- 超速行驶的车辆 (Speeding traffic)
- 照明不足
- 车道狭窄
- 路面潮湿
答案: A. 超速行驶是施工区内伤亡的头号原因。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 42Speeding traffic is the number one cause of injury and death in roadway work zones.
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#10
在许多州,卡车和公共汽车的限速可能比小汽车低多达:
英文原文: In many states, speed limits for trucks and buses can be lower than for cars by as much as:
- 5 mph
- 15 mph
- 25 mph
- 35 mph
答案: B. 在许多州,卡车和公共汽车的限速与小汽车相比可相差多达15 mph。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 42In many states, speed limits are lower for trucks and buses than for cars. It can vary as much as 15 mph.
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#11
在长而陡的下坡路上,控制车速的主要方法是:
英文原文: On a long, steep downgrade, the principal way of controlling your speed is:
- 发动机制动效果 (the braking effect of the engine)
- 持续踩住行车制动
- 驻车制动
- 空挡滑行
答案: A. 应把发动机制动作为控制车速的主要方式,以保存刹车。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 57You must use the braking effect of the engine as the principal way of controlling your speed.
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#12
刹车过热开始“衰退”(fade)是什么意思?
英文原文: When brakes get too hot and start to "fade," what does this mean?
- 它们只需轻踩踏板就会突然抱死车轮
- 只有挂车上的制动失效,牵引车的制动仍然有效
- 停车所需的压力更小,因为受热后它们的抓地力更强
- 必须越来越用力踩才能得到同样的制动力 (You must apply them harder and harder to get the same stopping power)
答案: D. 过热的刹车会不断衰退,直到您完全无法减速或停车。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 56This means you have to apply them harder and harder to get the same stopping power.
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#13
为什么要在开始下陡坡前就换到低挡?
英文原文: Why should you shift to a low gear before starting down a steep grade?
- 法律要求所有坡道都用低挡
- 可在下坡时省油
- 车速上来后可能无法再降挡 (You may not be able to downshift once your speed has built up)
- 低挡可在上坡时给刹车降温
答案: C. 车速已经上来后,您可能挂不上更低的挡,发动机制动作用也会完全丧失。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 57Do not try to downshift after your speed has already built up.
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#14
在长下坡路上,您踩刹车至明显减速,当车速降到比“安全”车速低大约多少时松开刹车?
英文原文: On a long downgrade, you apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown and release them when your speed is reduced to about:
- 低五英里每小时 (five mph below your "safe" speed)
- 低十英里每小时
- 低一英里每小时
- 低二十英里每小时
答案: A. 例如:安全车速为40 mph时,刹车减到约35 mph后松开,然后重复。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 57When your speed has been reduced to approximately five mph below your “safe” speed, release the brakes.
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#15
避险车道(escape ramp)是通过什么使失控车辆减速的?
英文原文: Escape ramps slow a runaway vehicle by using:
- 一条铺装的下坡车道,全程设有减速带
- 横跨车道的混凝土屏障,使车辆立即停下
- 一长段松软材料,有时还配合上坡 (a long bed of loose, soft material, sometimes with an upgrade)
- 一段铺满水的平地,用来冷却制动器和轮胎
答案: C. 避险车道的作用是让失控车辆安全停下,不致使司机和乘客受伤。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 2, p. 57Escape ramps use a long bed of loose, soft material to slow a runaway vehicle, sometimes in combination with an upgrade.
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#16
在干燥路面上以55英里/小时行驶时,重型车辆的最短总停车距离(感知+反应+制动)约为:
英文原文: At 55 mph on dry pavement, the total minimum stopping distance (perception + reaction + braking) for a heavy vehicle is about:
- 150英尺
- 419英尺 (419 feet)
- 1,000英尺
- 60英尺
答案: B. 感知142英尺 + 反应61英尺 + 制动约216英尺 = 约419英尺。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 2.6.1 -
#17
如果速度加倍(例如从20英里/小时提高到40英里/小时),制动距离大约会变为:
英文原文: If you double your speed (for example from 20 to 40 mph), your braking distance becomes about:
- 不变
- 原来的两倍
- 原来的三倍
- 原来的四倍 (Four times as long)
答案: D. 速度加倍,制动距离和撞击力大约变为四倍。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 2.6.1 -
#18
与满载卡车相比,空载卡车通常:
英文原文: Compared with a loaded truck, an empty truck usually:
- 需要更长的停车距离 (Needs a longer distance to stop)
- 需要更短的停车距离
- 需要相同的停车距离
- 在任何路面上都不会打滑
答案: A. 空车的抓地力较小,因此需要更长的停车距离。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 2.6.1Empty trucks require greater stopping distances because an empty vehicle has less traction.
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#19
水滑(水漂)最低可能在什么速度下发生:
英文原文: Hydroplaning can occur at speeds as low as:
- 5英里/小时
- 15英里/小时
- 30英里/小时(积水很多时) (30 mph (with a lot of water))
- 仅在70英里/小时
答案: C. 积水足够多时,约30英里/小时就可能开始水滑。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 2.6.2 -
#20
如果车辆发生水滑,您应该:
英文原文: If your vehicle is hydroplaning, you should:
- 猛踩制动
- 松开油门并踩下离合器 (Release the accelerator and push in the clutch)
- 急打方向盘
- 加速
答案: B. 不要制动;松开油门并踩下离合器,让车轮自由转动。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 2.6.2