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CDL 考试：罐车 题目与答案

我们使用的所有题目，附正确答案、解释和出处。

开始模拟测试 35 道题 · 为什么信任我们

罐车

35 道题

  1. #1

    如果你运输多个罐体，每个额定容量都超过 119 加仑，且总容量至少为多少，就需要罐车（tank）认证？

    英文原文: You need a tank endorsement if you haul multiple tanks each rated more than 119 gallons and the combined volume is at least:

    1. 500 加仑
    2. 1,000 加仑 (1,000 gallons)
    3. 750 加仑
    4. 2,000 加仑

    答案: B. 每个罐超过 119 加仑且总容量达到 1,000 加仑或以上时，需要该认证。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101In summary, if you are hauling multiple tanks each rated more than 119 gallons AND the combined volume of those tanks is 1,000 gallons or more, you need a tank endorsement.

  2. #2

    如果只运输一个罐体，当其容量达到多少时需要罐车认证？

    英文原文: If you haul only one tank, you need a tank endorsement when that tank's capacity is:

    1. 119 加仑或以上
    2. 500 加仑或以上
    3. 5,000 加仑或以上
    4. 1,000 加仑或以上 (1,000 gallons or more)

    答案: D. 单个 1,000 加仑或以上的罐体需要该认证。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101If you are only hauling one tank and that one tank is 1,000 gallon capacity or more, you need a tank endorsement.

  3. #3

    一辆 CMV 运载临时固定在平板挂车上的空储存罐（非运输设计），额定容量 1,000 加仑或以上。它：

    英文原文: A CMV carries an empty storage container tank, not designed for transportation, rated 1,000 gallons or more, temporarily attached to a flatbed trailer. It is:

    1. 不被视为罐车 (Not considered a tank vehicle)
    2. 被视为罐车
    3. 只有罐之后装满才被视为罐车
    4. 只有在公共道路上才被视为罐车

    答案: A. 平板车上的这种空储存罐不会使车辆成为罐车。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101A commercial motor vehicle transporting an empty storage container tank, not designed for transportation, with a rated capacity of 1,000 gallons or more that is temporarily attached to a flatbed trailer is not considered a tank vehicle.

  4. #4

    某些运输液体或气体的车辆需要罐车认证。该液体或气体：

    英文原文: A tank endorsement is required for certain vehicles that transport liquids or gases. The liquid or gas:

    1. 必须被归类为危险品
    2. 必须是易燃、腐蚀性或有毒的
    3. 不必是危险品 (Does not have to be a hazardous material)
    4. 必须在罐内带压运输

    答案: C. 即使牛奶这类无害液体也可能需要罐车认证。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101The liquid or gas does not have to be a hazardous material.

  5. #5

    关于用漏罐运输液体或气体，规则是什么？

    英文原文: What is the rule about carrying liquids or gases in a leaking tank?

    1. 如果漏得少就可以
    2. 如果慢速行驶就可以
    3. 绝不能这样做，这是犯罪 (Never do it; it is a crime)
    4. 只允许短途运输

    答案: C. 你会被传讯并被禁止继续行驶，还可能要为清理泄漏物负责。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101Don’t carry liquids or gases in a leaking tank. To do so is a crime.

  6. #6

    检查罐车的人孔盖和通气口时，应确保：

    英文原文: When inspecting a tank vehicle's manhole covers and vents, you should make sure that:

    1. 盖子有密封垫并能正确关闭，通气口畅通 (The covers have gaskets and close correctly, and the vents are clear)
    2. 盖子漆有货物名称，通气口加了盖帽
    3. 盖子留一条缝，通气口完全封死
    4. 盖子焊死，通气口堵住以防泄漏

    答案: A. 通气口畅通才能正常工作，密封垫和正确关闭可保证货物密封。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101Check manhole covers and vents. Make sure the covers have gaskets and they close correctly. Keep the vents clear so they work correctly.

  7. #7

    如果你的罐车有油气回收装置、接地和搭接线缆或紧急切断系统等特殊设备，你应当：

    英文原文: If your tank vehicle has special equipment such as vapor recovery kits, grounding and bonding cables, or emergency shut-off systems, you should:

    1. 出车前拆下
    2. 仅在装货时使用
    3. 如果罐内有防波板就忽略
    4. 确保它们能正常工作 (Make sure it works)

    答案: D. 手册要求确保特殊设备能正常工作。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101If your vehicle has any of the following equipment, make sure it works:

  8. #8

    用罐体运输液体需要特殊技能，原因是：

    英文原文: Hauling liquids in tanks requires special skills because of:

    1. 罐体的油漆颜色和安装方式
    2. 重心高以及液体会晃动 (The high center of gravity and liquid movement)
    3. 空挂车的重量及其车轴
    4. 重心低以及液体流动缓慢

    答案: B. 高重心和液体流动都会影响操控。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101Hauling liquids in tanks requires special skills because of the high center of gravity and liquid movement.

  9. #9

    高重心是指什么？

    英文原文: What does a high center of gravity mean?

    1. 货物位置低且分布均匀
    2. 大部分货物重量位于离路面较高的位置 (Much of the load's weight is carried high up off the road)
    3. 驾驶室比挂车高
    4. 罐体被隔板分开

    答案: B. 高重心使车辆头重脚轻，容易侧翻。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101High center of gravity means that much of the load’s weight is carried high up off the road.

  10. #10

    有些罐体被隔板（bulkheads）分成几个小罐。装卸这些小罐时，驾驶员必须注意：

    英文原文: Some tanks are divided into smaller tanks by bulkheads. When loading and unloading them, the driver must pay attention to:

    1. 仅仅是膨胀余量（outage）
    2. 每个隔舱中的晃动
    3. 液体的颜色
    4. 重量分布 (Weight distribution)

    答案: D. 不要把过多重量放在车辆的前部或后部。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102When loading and unloading the smaller tanks, the driver must pay attention to weight distribution.

  11. #11

    什么是带防波板（baffled）的液体罐？

    英文原文: What is a baffled liquid tank?

    1. 罐内有带孔的隔板，液体可以流过 (A tank with bulkheads that have holes that let the liquid flow through)
    2. 没有内部隔板的罐，液体可在两端之间自由流动
    3. 分成若干密封隔舱、舱间没有开口的罐
    4. 有双层壳体、壁间带隔热层的罐

    答案: A. 防波板有助于控制液体前后晃动。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Baffled liquid tanks have bulkheads in them with holes that let the liquid flow through.

  12. #12

    无防波板（smooth bore）的罐车内部没有任何东西减缓液体流动，因此前后晃动：

    英文原文: Un-baffled (smooth bore) tankers have nothing inside to slow down the flow of the liquid. As a result, forward-and-back surge is:

    1. 完全消除
    2. 比带防波板的罐弱
    3. 非常强烈 (Very strong)
    4. 仅在装满时才有问题

    答案: C. 要格外小心，尤其是起步和停车时。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Therefore, forward-and-back surge is very strong.

  13. #13

    不同液体需要不同的膨胀余量（outage），因为：

    英文原文: Different liquids require different amounts of outage because:

    1. 所有液体的冰点不同
    2. 有些液体比罐更重
    3. 不同液体的膨胀量不同 (Different liquids expand by different amounts)
    4. 罐体有不同颜色

    答案: C. 运输散装液体时，必须了解膨胀余量的要求。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Since different liquids expand by different amounts, they require different amounts of outage.

  14. #14

    由于重心高和液体晃动，罐车驾驶员起步、减速和停车必须：

    英文原文: Because of the high center of gravity and the surge of the liquid, a tank vehicle driver must start, slow down, and stop:

    1. 非常平稳 (Very smoothly)
    2. 尽可能快
    3. 只使用发动机制动
    4. 只在平地上进行

    答案: A. 转弯和变道也要平稳。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Because of the high center of gravity and the surge of the liquid, you must start, slow down, and stop very smoothly.

  15. #15

    要在罐车停车时控制液体晃动，应当：

    英文原文: To control surge when coming to a stop in a tank vehicle, you should:

    1. 反复点刹，直到车辆停住
    2. 在车辆完全停住前一刻松开刹车
    3. 只用驻车制动，让车辆滑行到停住
    4. 对刹车保持稳定压力，不要过早松开 (Keep a steady pressure on the brakes and not release too soon)

    答案: D. 过早松开会让液体的晃动推动车辆。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Keep a steady pressure on the brakes. Do not release too soon when coming to a stop.

  16. #16

    驾驶罐车时，应提前很远开始刹车，并且：

    英文原文: In a tank vehicle, you should brake far in advance of a stop and:

    1. 缩短跟车距离
    2. 增大跟车距离 (Increase your following distance)
    3. 只使用发动机制动
    4. 挂空挡

    答案: B. 这为罐车所需的谨慎缓慢停车留出更多空间。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Brake far in advance of a stop and increase your following distance.

  17. #17

    罐车需要紧急停车时，请记住在刹车时急打方向可能导致：

    英文原文: If you must make a quick stop in a tank vehicle, remember that steering quickly while braking may cause:

    1. 液体结冰
    2. 车辆侧翻 (Your vehicle to roll over)
    3. 防波板脱落
    4. 制动器永久抱死

    答案: B. 紧急停车应使用受控刹车或点刹。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Also, remember that if you steer quickly while braking, your vehicle may roll over.

  18. #18

    湿滑路面会使正常制动距离加倍。这对罐车意味着：

    英文原文: Wet roads double the normal stopping distance. How does this affect a tank vehicle?

    1. 停车只需要一半的空间
    2. 制动距离不变
    3. 只影响空罐车
    4. 停车大约需要两倍的空间 (You need roughly twice as much room to stop)

    答案: D. 要记住自己的车需要多大空间才能停下。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Remember that wet roads double the normal stopping distance.

  19. #19

    在罐式挂车上，如果驱动轮或挂车车轮开始打滑，车辆可能会：

    英文原文: On tank trailers, if your drive wheels or trailer wheels begin to skid, your vehicle may:

    1. 折叠（jackknife） (Jackknife)
    2. 丢失防波板
    3. 耗尽膨胀余量
    4. 改用弹簧制动

    答案: A. 任何车辆开始打滑时，都必须让车轮恢复牵引力。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102On tank trailers, if your drive wheels or trailer wheels begin to skid, your vehicle may jackknife.

  20. #20

    为避免罐车打滑，你不应：

    英文原文: To avoid skids in a tank vehicle, you should not:

    1. 查看后视镜观察后方车流
    2. 在湿滑路面上保持平稳适中的速度
    3. 过度转向、过度加速或过度刹车 (Over steer, over accelerate, or over brake)
    4. 恶劣天气时加大跟车距离

    答案: C. 这些操作可能使车辆打滑。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 102Don’t over steer, over accelerate, or over brake.

  21. #21

    什么时候应该检查罐车？

    英文原文: When should a tanker be inspected?

    1. 仅在卸货之后
    2. 仅在一年中的第一趟行程前
    3. 装货、卸货或驾驶之前 (Before loading, unloading, or driving it)
    4. 仅在运输危险品时

    答案: C. 这样可确保车辆能安全装运液体或气体并安全行驶。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101Before loading, unloading, or driving a tanker, inspect the vehicle.

  22. #22

    检查罐车的进料、排料和切断阀时，必须确保它们：

    英文原文: When checking the intake, discharge, and cut-off valves on a tank vehicle, you must make sure they are:

    1. 在装货、卸货或移动车辆之前处于正确位置 (In the correct position before loading, unloading, or moving the vehicle)
    2. 始终完全打开，包括车辆行驶时
    3. 卸货后锁在关闭位置，且只在行程结束时检查
    4. 涂有货物颜色代码，并标有上次检查日期

    答案: A. 阀门位置是罐体检查的一部分。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101Make sure the valves are in the correct position before loading, unloading, or moving the vehicle.

  23. #23

    关于罐车必须配备的应急设备，你应当：

    英文原文: Regarding the emergency equipment required for your tank vehicle, you should:

    1. 只携带托运人在装货处提供的设备
    2. 只在长途行程携带，短途时留在场站
    3. 依赖其他司机的设备和应急人员带来的东西
    4. 弄清规定要带什么，并确保已备齐且能正常使用 (Find out what you are required to carry and make sure you have it and it works)

    答案: D. 要检查你的车辆所要求的应急设备。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101Find out what equipment you’re required to carry and make sure you have it (and it works).

  24. #24

    罐车有许多类型和尺寸。要知道如何检查你的罐车，需要查阅：

    英文原文: Tank vehicles come in many types and sizes. To know how to inspect your tank vehicle, you need to check:

    1. 发货人的发票
    2. 车辆的操作手册 (The vehicle's operator manual)
    3. 州限速表
    4. 轮胎侧壁标记

    答案: B. 操作手册说明了你这种罐车的检查方法。

    来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 8, p. 101You need to check the vehicle’s operator manual to make sure you know how to inspect your tank vehicle.

  25. #25

    对于任何罐车，检查时最重要的项目是：

    英文原文: On any tank vehicle, the most important item to check during inspection is:

    1. 轮胎胎纹
    2. 后视镜
    3. 灭火器
    4. 泄漏 (Leaks)

    答案: D. 泄漏是最重要的项目；用泄漏的罐体运输液体或气体属于犯罪。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.1.1 Leakson all tank vehicles, the most important item to check for is leaks.

  26. #26

    部分装载的罐体中液体涌动可能会：

    英文原文: Liquid surge in a partly filled tank can:

    1. 把停着的卡车向前推，例如在冰面上推入路口 (Shove a stopped truck forward, e.g. into an intersection on ice)
    2. 只在满罐时发生
    3. 使卡车停车距离更短
    4. 通过更用力制动来阻止

    答案: A. 液体涌动冲击罐体端部时会推动卡车；在冰面上，可能把停着的卡车推入路口。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.2.2 Danger of SurgeIf the truck is on a slippery surface such as ice, the wave can shove a stopped truck out into an intersection.

  27. #27

    液罐中的隔板能减少前后涌动，但是：

    英文原文: Baffles in a liquid tank reduce front-to-back surge, but:

    1. 能消除所有涌动
    2. 能让罐体更轻
    3. 左右涌动仍可能发生并导致翻车 (Side-to-side surge can still occur and cause a rollover)
    4. 所有卫生罐都必须装隔板

    答案: C. 隔板能减少前后涌动，但左右涌动仍可能发生并导致翻车。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.2.4 Baffled TanksSide-to-side surge can still occur.

  28. #28

    为什么运输牛奶和其他食品的罐体通常没有隔板（光滑内壁）？

    英文原文: Why do tanks that haul milk and other food products often have no baffles (smooth bore)?

    1. 它们只运输满载货物
    2. 卫生规定禁止隔板，因为隔板难以清洁 (Sanitation rules forbid baffles because they are hard to clean)
    3. 隔板会使罐体过重
    4. 食品液体不会涌动

    答案: B. 由于难以清洁，卫生法规禁止使用隔板；前后涌动非常强烈。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.2.5 Un-baffled Tanks(Sanitation regulations forbid the use of baffles because of the difficulty in cleaning the inside of the tank.)

  29. #29

    为什么绝不能把货罐装得完全满？

    英文原文: Why must you never load a cargo tank totally full?

    1. 满罐涌动更厉害
    2. 运输超过半罐是违法的
    3. 通气口会冻住
    4. 液体受热会膨胀，必须留出空间 (Liquids expand as they warm; you must leave outage)

    答案: D. 液体受热会膨胀，因此要留出空间（预留容积）；不同液体需要预留的空间不同。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.2.6 OutageLiquids expand as they warm and you must leave room for the expanding liquid.

  30. #30

    为什么运输某些酸类等高密度液体时，可能只装部分罐体？

    英文原文: Why might you only partly fill a tank with a dense liquid such as some acids?

    1. 满罐可能超过法定重量限制 (A full tank could exceed legal weight limits)
    2. 高密度液体不会膨胀
    3. 部分装载永远不会涌动
    4. 便于检查

    答案: A. 满罐的高密度液体可能超过法定重量限制，因此通常只装部分罐体。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.2.7 How Much to Load?A full tank of dense liquid (such as some acids) may exceed legal weight limits.

  31. #31

    罐车停车时，您应该：

    英文原文: When stopping a tank vehicle, you should:

    1. 快速反复踩制动
    2. 提前松开制动，让液体平稳
    3. 保持稳定的制动压力，不要过早松开制动 (Keep steady pressure and not release the brakes too soon)
    4. 在最后一刻猛踩制动

    答案: C. 保持稳定的制动压力，不要过早松开，提前很远开始制动，并加大跟车距离。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.3.2 Controlling SurgeKeep a steady pressure on the brakes. do not release the brakes too soon when coming to a stop.

  32. #32

    罐车应如何通过弯道？

    英文原文: How should you drive a tank vehicle through a curve?

    1. 在弯道中间制动
    2. 进入弯道前减速，然后在弯道中稍微加速 (Slow down before the curve, then accelerate slightly through it)
    3. 保持标示的车速
    4. 挂空挡滑行

    答案: B. 进入弯道前减速，然后在弯道中稍微加速；标示的弯道车速对罐车来说可能太快。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.3.3 CurvesSlow down before curves, then accelerate slightly through the curve.

  33. #33

    关于罐车停车距离，以下哪种说法正确？

    英文原文: Which statement about tank vehicle stopping distance is true?

    1. 湿滑路面不会改变停车距离
    2. 满罐时停车距离总是更长
    3. 湿滑路面使停车距离减半
    4. 空罐车的停车距离可能比满罐车更长 (Empty tank vehicles may take longer to stop than full ones)

    答案: D. 湿滑路面会使正常停车距离加倍，空罐车的停车距离可能比满罐车更长。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.3.4 Stopping Distanceremember that wet roads double the normal stopping distance. Empty tank vehicles may take longer to stop than full ones.

  34. #34

    驾驶罐车前，阀门和人孔盖必须：

    英文原文: Before driving a tank vehicle, the valves and manhole covers must be:

    1. 关闭 (Closed)
    2. 打开以排出蒸气
    3. 拆除
    4. 半开

    答案: A. 切勿在阀门或人孔盖打开的情况下驾驶罐车；人孔盖必须有密封垫并正确关闭。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.1.1 Leaksnever drive a tank vehicle with open valves or manhole covers.

  35. #35

    测试表明，罐车可能翻车的情况是：

    英文原文: Tests have shown that tankers can turn over:

    1. 只在超过65英里/小时时
    2. 只在空载时
    3. 以弯道标示的限速行驶时 (At the speed limits posted for curves)
    4. 只在碎石路上

    答案: C. 罐车以弯道标示的车速行驶时就可能翻车；过弯道和匝道时应远低于标示车速。

    来源: Pennsylvania CDL Manual (PUB 223), 8.2.1 High Center of Gravitytests have shown that tankers can turn over at the speed limits posted for curves.
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