CDL 考试:货物 题目与答案
我们使用的所有题目,附正确答案、解释和出处。
货物
32 道题-
#1
货物至少每多长就应有一个系固装置?
英文原文: Cargo should have at least one tie-down for every:
- 货物每5英尺
- 货物每10英尺 (10 feet of cargo)
- 货物每20英尺
- 货物每50英尺
答案: B. 货物每10英尺至少一个系固装置,且总数不得少于两个。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 3.3.2 -
#2
无论货物多小,至少应有几个系固装置?
英文原文: No matter how small the cargo, it should have at least how many tie-downs?
- 如果很重则不需要
- 一个
- 两个 (Two)
- 四个
答案: C. 即使是小件货物也至少需要两个系固装置。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 3.3.2No matter how small the cargo, it should have at least two tie-downs.
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#3
系固装置的总工作载荷极限必须至少为:
英文原文: The aggregate working load limit of tie-downs must be at least:
- 等于卡车的GVWR
- 货物重量的两倍
- 货物重量的四分之一
- 货物重量的一半 (One-half the weight of the cargo)
答案: D. 系固装置的总工作载荷极限必须至少为货物重量的一半。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 3.3.2 -
#4
装货时为保持较低的重心,您应该:
英文原文: To keep the center of gravity low when loading, you should:
- 把货物最重的部分放在最轻的部分下面 (Put the heaviest parts of the cargo under the lightest parts)
- 把最重的物品放在上面
- 所有货物都装在后部
- 让底板空着
答案: A. 重心高会增加翻车风险。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 3.2.3 -
#5
驱动轴上的重量太小可能导致:
英文原文: Too little weight on the driving axles can cause:
- 转向沉重
- 牵引力差 (Poor traction)
- 制动更好
- 更省油
答案: B. 驱动轴上重量太小会导致牵引力差;转向轴上重量太大会使转向困难。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 3.2.4 -
#6
如果您运输的是无法检查的密封货物,您仍然应该:
英文原文: If you are hauling a sealed load you cannot inspect, you should still:
- 打开封条进行检查
- 拒绝运输该货物
- 确保不超过总重和轴重限制 (Make sure you don't exceed gross weight and axle weight limits)
- 不理会重量限制
答案: C. 密封货物无法检查,但您仍必须遵守重量限制。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 3.3.5You cannot inspect sealed loads
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#7
悬挂的肉类、散装干货和活畜之所以危险,主要是因为它们:
英文原文: Hanging meat, dry bulk and livestock are dangerous mainly because they:
- 比其他货物轻
- 无法投保
- 需要冷藏
- 重心高或可能移动——过弯道和匝道时要慢行 (Have a high center of gravity or can shift — take curves and ramps slowly)
答案: D. 这些货物会移动并增加翻车风险;在弯道和匝道上要慢行。
来源: Michigan CDL Manual (2022), 3.4 -
#8
开始行程后,什么时候必须再次检查货物和固定装置?
英文原文: When must you inspect your cargo and securing devices again after starting a trip?
- 开始后的前150英里内
- 仅在驾驶满3小时之后
- 开始后的前50英里内 (Within the first 50 miles)
- 仅在停车加油时
答案: C. 手册要求在行程开始后的前50英里内再次检查,以便做出必要的调整。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69Inspect the cargo and its securing devices again within the first 50 miles after beginning a trip.
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#9
行程中,行驶多久后必须再次检查货物和固定装置?
英文原文: During a trip, you must re-check the cargo and securing devices after you have driven for:
- 三小时或150英里 (three hours or 150 miles)
- 一小时或50英里
- 六小时或300英里
- 两小时或100英里
答案: A. 行驶三小时或150英里后需要再次检查,每次休息后也要检查。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69After you have driven for three hours or 150 miles.
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#10
除了行驶三小时或150英里之后,还有什么时候必须再次检查货物和固定装置?
英文原文: Besides after three hours or 150 miles, when else must you re-check your cargo and securing devices?
- 仅在行程结束时
- 仅在货物被淋湿时
- 仅在越过州界之后
- 每次驾驶途中休息之后 (After every break you take during driving)
答案: D. 每次驾驶途中休息之后,也必须再次检查货物和固定装置。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69After every break you take during driving.
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#11
车辆总重(GVW)是指:
英文原文: Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) is:
- 制造商允许的车辆最大重量
- 单一车辆加上其货物的总重量 (the total weight of a single vehicle plus its load)
- 动力车、挂车和货物的总重量
- 单个车轴传递到地面的重量
答案: B. GVW是单一车辆加上其货物的总重量。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). The total weight of a single vehicle plus its load.
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#12
组合车总重(GCW)是指:
英文原文: Gross Combination Weight (GCW) is:
- 单一车辆加上其货物的总重量
- 动力车加上挂车再加上货物的总重量 (the total weight of a powered unit, plus trailer(s), plus the cargo)
- 轮胎能承载的最大重量
- 连接装置能牵引的最大重量
答案: B. GCW是动力车、挂车和货物的总重量。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69Gross Combination Weight (GCW). The total weight of a powered unit, plus trailer(s), plus the cargo.
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#13
车辆总重额定值(GVWR)是指:
英文原文: The Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) is:
- 称重时车辆及其货物的实际重量
- 仅指空车重量,不含燃油、液体及任何载荷
- 各州为单个车轴承载重量设定的法定上限
- 制造商为单一车辆加其货物规定的最大GVW (the maximum GVW specified by the manufacturer for a single vehicle plus its load)
答案: D. GVWR是制造商为单一车辆加其货物规定的最大GVW。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). The maximum GVW specified by the manufacturer for a single vehicle plus its load.
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#14
组合车总重额定值(GCWR)与组合车总重(GCW)有何不同?
英文原文: How is the Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) different from the Gross Combination Weight (GCW)?
- GCWR是制造商为某种组合车规定的最大GCW;GCW是实际总重量 (GCWR is the maximum GCW the manufacturer specifies for a combination; GCW is the actual total weight)
- GCWR是整个组合的实际总重量;GCW是制造商规定的最大值
- GCWR只计算挂车的重量;GCW只计算牵引车的重量
- 两者是同一事物的两个名称,都指制造商允许的最大值
答案: A. GCWR是制造商为特定组合车加货物规定的最大值,而GCW是实际承载的总重量。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR). The maximum GCW specified by the manufacturer for a specific combination of vehicles plus its load.
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#15
轴重是指:
英文原文: Axle weight is:
- 轮胎在规定气压下能承载的最大重量
- 动力车与挂车的总重量
- 单个车轴或一组车轴传递到地面的重量 (the weight transmitted to the ground by one axle or one set of axles)
- 连接装置额定可牵引的重量
答案: C. 轴重是单个车轴或一组车轴传递到地面的重量。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69Axle Weight. The weight transmitted to the ground by one axle or one set of axles.
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#16
桥梁公式(bridge formula)允许:
英文原文: A bridge formula permits:
- 相距越近的车轴,最大轴重越大
- 无论车轴相距多远,轴重都相同
- 转向轴比驱动轴承载更多重量
- 相距越近的车轴,最大轴重越小 (less maximum axle weight for axles that are closer together)
答案: D. 相距较近的车轴允许的重量较小,以防止桥梁和道路超载。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69A bridge formula permits less maximum axle weight for axles that are closer together.
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#17
超载的卡车在下坡路段可能会发生什么?
英文原文: What can happen to an overloaded truck on a downgrade?
- 总会自己减速
- 速度可能增加得过快 (It may gain too much speed)
- 因重量大,刹车效果更好
- 制动距离变短
答案: B. 超载的卡车在下坡时可能速度过快,而且制动距离会增加。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69Overloaded trucks have to go very slowly on upgrades. Worse, they may gain too much speed on downgrades.
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#18
在什么情况下,按法定最大重量行驶可能不安全?
英文原文: In which situation may it be unsafe to operate at the legal maximum weight?
- 在平坦干燥的州际公路上
- 仅在夜间
- 恶劣天气或在山区 (During bad weather or in mountains)
- 仅在挂车空载时
答案: C. 在恶劣天气或山区,按法定最大重量行驶可能不安全。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69During bad weather or in mountains, it may not be safe to operate at legal maximum weights.
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#19
转向轴上的重量过大可能导致:
英文原文: Too much weight on the steering axle can cause:
- 转向沉重,并损坏转向轴和轮胎 (hard steering and damage to the steering axle and tires)
- 驱动轮抓地力不足和后轮胎磨损
- 重心更低,弯道操控更好
- 制动距离更短,转向响应更快
答案: A. 转向轴负重过大会使转向变沉,并可能损坏车轴和轮胎。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70Too much weight on the steering axle can cause hard steering. It can damage the steering axle and tires.
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#20
如果把重量向后移得太多,会发生什么?
英文原文: What can happen if you shift the weight too far to the rear?
- 转向轴会因重量大而磨损更快
- 驱动轮牵引力会过大
- 转向轴上的重量可能过轻,无法安全转向 (The steering axle weight may become too light to steer safely)
- 重心会降低
答案: C. 重量后移过多会使前轴负载不足,可能导致转向不安全。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70Under-loaded front axles (caused by shifting weight too far to the rear) can make the steering axle weight too light to steer safely.
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#21
挡块(blocking)的作用是:
英文原文: Blocking is used to:
- 防止一件货物滑动 (keep a piece of cargo from sliding)
- 从货物上部拉向货舱壁来固定货物
- 保护货物不受天气影响
- 在碰撞时保护驾驶员免受货物伤害
答案: A. 挡块放在货物的前、后和/或两侧,防止货物滑动。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70Blocking is used in the front, back, and/or sides of a piece of cargo to keep it from sliding.
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#22
支撑(bracing)的走向是:
英文原文: Bracing goes from:
- 货物前部向前连到驾驶室后壁的防护架
- 货台向下连到挂车车架和下部横梁
- 货物一侧横向连到货舱的另一侧
- 从货物上部到货舱的地板和/或壁板 (the upper part of the cargo to the floor and/or walls of the cargo compartment)
答案: D. 支撑从货物的上部延伸到货舱的地板和/或壁板。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70Bracing goes from the upper part of the cargo to the floor and/ or walls of the cargo compartment.
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#23
车头挡板(“headache rack”)的作用是什么?
英文原文: What is the purpose of front-end header boards (headache racks)?
- 在恶劣天气下保持货物干燥,并防止其淋雨
- 在碰撞或紧急停车时保护你免受货物伤害 (To protect you from your cargo in a crash or emergency stop)
- 固定捆绑带的位置,防止其松动
- 提高车辆可合法承载的货物重量
答案: B. 车头挡板阻止货物向前移动,在碰撞或紧急刹车时保护驾驶员。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70Front-end header boards (“headache racks”) protect you from your cargo in case of a crash or emergency stop.
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#24
遮盖货物的两个基本原因是什么?
英文原文: What are the two basic reasons for covering cargo?
- 降低油耗并降低重心
- 保护他人免受洒落货物的伤害,并保护货物不受天气影响 (To protect people from spilled cargo and to protect the cargo from weather)
- 隐藏货物并避免检查
- 增加货物重量并平衡装载
答案: B. 两个原因是:保护他人免受洒落的货物伤害,以及保护货物不受天气影响。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70To protect people from spilled cargo. To protect the cargo from weather.
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#25
为什么要不时通过后视镜查看货物的遮盖物?
英文原文: Why should you look at your cargo covers in the mirrors from time to time?
- 篷布只能在停车时调整,所以必须经常查看
- 只有货物被淋湿时才需要检查篷布,以确保货物保持干燥
- 法律要求这样做,以证明货物重量在法定限值之内
- 飘动的遮盖物可能撕裂脱落,露出货物,并可能挡住你或他人的视线 (A flapping cover can tear loose, uncover the cargo and block your view or someone else's)
答案: D. 飘动的遮盖物可能撕裂脱落,使货物暴露,并可能挡住你或其他司机的视线。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70A flapping cover can tear loose, uncovering the cargo, and possibly block your view or someone else’s.
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#26
为什么在封闭式厢式货车中绑带也可能很重要?
英文原文: Why can tiedowns be important in a closed van?
- 防止货物移动而影响车辆操控 (To prevent cargo shifting that may affect the handling of the vehicle)
- 防止雨水和路上的灰尘落到厢内货物上
- 封闭厢式车从不需要,因为车厢壁会固定货物
- 使货物计入车辆的重量限值
答案: A. 在封闭厢车中,绑带可防止货物移动而影响车辆的操控。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70In closed vans, tiedowns can also be important to prevent cargo shifting that may affect the handling of the vehicle.
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#27
在平板车或无侧板的挂车上,货物必须被固定,以便:
英文原文: On flatbed trailers or trailers without sides, cargo must be secured to:
- 减轻挂车重量
- 降低GVWR
- 防止其移位或掉落 (keep it from shifting or falling off)
- 无需再盖遮盖物
答案: C. 平板车或无侧板挂车上的货物必须固定,防止移位或掉落。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70On flatbed trailers or trailers without sides, cargo must be secured to keep it from shifting or falling off.
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#28
如果由别人装载并固定货物,谁负责检查货物?
英文原文: If someone else loads and secures your cargo, who is responsible for inspecting it?
- 只有装货的人
- 仅托运人
- 没有人,如果货物已固定
- 你,驾驶员 (You, the driver)
答案: D. 无论货物是否由你自己装载和固定,你都有责任检查货物。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69Whether or not you load and secure the cargo yourself, you are responsible for: Inspecting your cargo.
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#29
如果运载需要在车上张贴标牌(placard)的危险品,你还需要:
英文原文: If you carry hazardous material that requires placards on your vehicle, you also need:
- 乘客准驾注记
- 危险品(hazmat)准驾注记 (a hazardous materials endorsement)
- 校车准驾注记
- 特殊绑扎许可证
答案: B. 运载需要标牌的危险品,还需要危险品准驾注记。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69If you intend to carry hazardous material that requires placards on your vehicle, you will also need to have a hazardous materials endorsement.
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#30
超长、超宽和/或超重的货物需要:
英文原文: Over-length, over-width and/or overweight loads require:
- 危险品准驾注记
- 第二名驾驶员
- 特殊通行许可证 (special transit permits)
- 罐车准驾注记
答案: C. 超限货物需要特殊通行许可证,行驶通常限于特定时段。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 71Over-length, over-width, and/or overweight loads require special transit permits.
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#31
重心高时最危险的情况是:
英文原文: A high center of gravity is most dangerous:
- 在弯道上,或为避开危险而急转方向时 (in curves, or if you have to swerve to avoid a hazard)
- 在平坦道路上以稳定速度直线行驶时
- 当卡车停在平地上并已拉紧制动时
- 仅在长下坡路段、制动器逐渐变热时
答案: A. 重心高会增加侧翻的可能,在弯道或急转避让时最为危险。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 69It is most dangerous in curves, or if you have to swerve to avoid a hazard.
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#32
以下哪项属于与绑带配合使用的张紧装置?
英文原文: Which of these are tensioning devices used with tiedowns?
- 车头挡板和假隔板
- 挡块和支撑
- 绞盘、棘轮和收紧部件 (Winches, ratchets and clinching components)
- 标牌和许可证
答案: C. 手册将绞盘、棘轮和收紧部件列为张紧装置。
来源: North Dakota CDL Manual (AAMVA model), Section 3, p. 70Proper tiedown equipment must be used, including ropes, straps, chains, and tensioning devices (winches, ratchets, clinching components).